Random numbers play a crucial role in many fields including cryptography, computer graphics, and statistics. Different applications require different types of random numbers, leading to various typ...

In real-world decision-making problems, it is often necessary to consider multiple conflicting or interrelated objectives simultaneously, known as multi-objective optimization decision problems. Ho...

NSGA-II is a popular multi-objective optimization algorithm extended from GA, proposed by Deb et al. in 2002. It maintains GA’s basic framework while incorporating non-dominated sorting and diversi...

Introduction to Genetic Algorithm (GA) Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a computational model inspired by biological evolution, natural selection, and the inheritance of successful traits. It simulates l...

In multi-objective optimization, since the solution is usually not a single one but a Pareto-optimal set of solutions (or an approximation thereof), we need suitable performance metrics to evaluate...