In machine learning, model performance largely depends on the selection of hyperparameters. However, finding the optimal hyperparameter combination—hyperparameter optimization (HPO)—remains a chall...

The State-Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (S-ANFIS) is a simple generalization of the ANFIS network that provides a more flexible framework for modeling complex systems by distinguishing betw...

An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) integrates neural networks and fuzzy logic, first introduced by Jyh-Shing Roger Jang in 1993. It combines the interpretability of fuzzy inference sy...

In many real-world systems, the behavior of objects or processes is often nonlinear, complex, and difficult to describe with precise mathematical models. Traditional modeling methods (such as first...

Bootstrap Method Core Idea and Basic Steps of Bootstrap Bootstrap method, as its name suggests, draws inspiration from the absurd story of “pulling oneself up by one’s own bootstraps,” and was pr...